Dentistry & Oral Surgery

Dental caries is tooth damage caused by acids from plaque bacteria. Early decay may be painless, while deeper cavities can cause sensitivity or toothache.

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums, commonly from plaque build-up. Redness, swelling and bleeding during brushing can improve with appropriate cleaning and dental care.

Periodontitis damages the tissues and bone supporting teeth. Gum recession, persistent bleeding or loosening teeth may occur and need professional assessment.

Tooth sensitivity is brief pain with cold, heat or sweet foods, often from exposed dentine. Decay, cracks and gum recession should be excluded rather than assuming simple sensitivity.

Impacted teeth have not erupted normally because of their position or lack of space. Some cause infection or damage to neighbouring teeth, while others can be monitored.

Wisdom teeth may cause pain, gum infection or crowding-related concerns when eruption is incomplete. Removal decisions depend on actual disease or likely complications.

A dental abscess is a collection of pus from tooth or gum infection. Facial swelling, fever or difficulty swallowing needs urgent care, and the infection source must be treated.

Broken or missing teeth can affect chewing, appearance and the position of neighbouring teeth. Repair or replacement depends on remaining tooth structure and gum health.

Malocclusion is misalignment of teeth or the bite. It may affect chewing, tooth wear or appearance and can be assessed for orthodontic correction.

TMJ disorders affect jaw joints or chewing muscles. Jaw pain, clicking or restricted opening can occur; painless clicking alone may not require treatment.

Oral mucosal lesions include ulcers, patches and growths on the mouth lining. An unexplained ulcer or red or white patch persisting beyond two weeks needs assessment.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery addresses selected disorders of the mouth, jaws and face, including impacted teeth, cysts and injuries. The specific diagnosis determines the procedure and recovery needs.