Dermatology & Cosmetology

Acne develops when hair follicles become blocked and inflamed. Deep or persistent lesions may scar, so active acne and established scars require different approaches.

Eczema and dermatitis cause inflamed, itchy skin, sometimes with dryness or oozing. Irritants, allergens and an impaired skin barrier can contribute.

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated condition commonly producing well-defined scaly patches. It can also affect nails and joints and is not contagious.

Fungal and bacterial skin infections can look similar but require different treatment. Examination and, when needed, sampling help avoid inappropriate medicines.

Alopecia means hair loss and can arise from shedding, patterned loss, immune disease or scarring. The distribution and scalp findings help identify the cause.

Pigmentation disorders cause darker or lighter skin areas. Sun exposure, inflammation and hormonal factors may contribute, so treatment depends on the type.

Urticaria causes raised itchy wheals that change location and often fade within a day. Throat swelling, breathing difficulty or collapse with a rash is an emergency.

Vitiligo causes well-defined areas of pigment loss through loss of pigment-producing cells. It is not contagious, and its course varies between individuals.

Nail disorders can reflect fungal infection, trauma or inflammatory disease. A new dark streak or unexplained nail change needs assessment rather than automatic antifungal treatment.

Skin tags and other benign growths are common, usually harmless lesions. A growth that changes, bleeds or looks unusual should be assessed before removal.

Cosmetic dermatology addresses selected concerns such as scars, texture and pigmentation. Skin type, suitability and realistic expectations determine whether a procedure is appropriate.

Changing moles or skin lesions can occasionally indicate skin cancer. Altered size, shape, colour or unexplained bleeding warrants examination and sometimes biopsy.