Laparoscopic & Minimal Access Surgery

Gallbladder disease, commonly related to stones, can cause repeated upper abdominal pain or inflammation. Keyhole removal may be considered when symptoms or complications justify surgery.

An inflamed appendix can sometimes be removed through small abdominal incisions. Suitability depends on infection severity, the patient's condition and surgical findings.

Inguinal hernias occur in the groin, ventral hernias in the abdominal wall and incisional hernias at an old surgical scar. Site, size and previous operations influence whether keyhole repair is suitable.

A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach moves through the diaphragm into the chest. It can contribute to reflux, but surgery is considered only for selected cases.

Some colon and rectal conditions can be treated through keyhole surgery. The diagnosis, disease extent and previous surgery determine which approach is appropriate.

Selected patients with severe obesity or weight-related metabolic illness may be considered for laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Long-term nutrition and medical follow-up remain essential.

Adhesions are internal scar-tissue bands, often after surgery or inflammation. They can cause bowel obstruction, but not every adhesion or episode of abdominal pain requires an operation.

Selected ovarian, uterine and pelvic disorders can be treated through small abdominal incisions. The condition, imaging findings and fertility goals determine suitability.