Paediatric Surgery

An inguinal hernia is a groin bulge from tissue passing through an abdominal-wall opening. A painful firm swelling with vomiting may indicate trapping and needs urgent assessment.

An umbilical hernia is a bulge at the belly button. Many close as children grow, while persistent or complicated hernias may need surgical review.

A hydrocele is fluid around the testicle; an undescended testis has not reached the scrotum normally. They are distinct conditions with different follow-up and treatment needs.

Appendicitis causes inflammation of the appendix, often with worsening abdominal pain, vomiting or fever. Symptoms in children may be less typical than in adults.

Circumcision removes the foreskin covering the penis. Medical reasons may include selected scarring or recurrent problems, with benefits, risks and alternatives discussed beforehand.

Some structural abnormalities present from birth affect the digestive tract, abdominal wall or other organs. Surgical timing depends on their effect on feeding, breathing and normal function.

Pyloric stenosis is narrowing of a young infant's stomach outlet. It typically causes progressively forceful vomiting and can lead to dehydration and weight loss.

Anorectal malformations affect formation or position of the anus and rectum at birth. They can interfere with stool passage and may accompany other organ abnormalities.

Paediatric hernia repair closes an abnormal opening allowing tissue to bulge through the abdominal wall. The type of hernia and child's age influence planning.

Trauma surgery in children treats injuries requiring an operation, such as selected abdominal injuries or deep wounds. Assessment accounts for the child's size, development and changing signs.

Lumps and cysts in children may arise from skin, soft tissue or developmental remnants. Most are benign, but growth, pain or an uncertain diagnosis warrants review.